ABSTRACT
Environmental nanotechnology is considered to play a key role in shaping environmental engineering and sciences. The nanoscale has stimulated the development and use of novel and cost-effective technologies for remediation, pollution detection, pollution monitoring and remediation of pollutants. This chapter talks about treatment of wastewater, which is contaminated by metal ions, radionuclides, organic and inorganic compounds, pathogenic bacteria and viruses, is essential for maintaining human health. In the water treatment industry, wastewater is generated from the regeneration of the resins used in cation, anion and mixed bed ion exchange systems. Treatment options that are typically considered for the removal of emerging contaminants from drinking water as well as wastewater include adsorption, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Coagulation is the process by which colloidal particles and very fine solid suspensions initially present in wastewater are combined into larger agglomerates that can be separated via sedimentation, flocculation, filtration, centrifugation or other separation methods.
