ABSTRACT
Membrane filtration technology comprising ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration and reverse osmosis are emerging as key components of advanced water purification and desalination technologies. Membrane filtration technology applications for wastewater treatment can be grouped into three major categories: biosolid separation, biomass aeration and extraction of selected pollutants. Biological membranes like aquaporins, the protein channels, that regulate water flux along with water permeability and high selectivity make their application in polymeric membranes a promising approach to improve performance of the membrane. The use of photocatalytic membrane has been targeted owing to the photocatalytic reaction that can take place on the membrane surface and the treated water due to continuous discharge without the loss of photocatalyst particles. The membrane biofilm reactor (MBR), an emerging technology for water and wastewater treatment, is based on pressurized membranes that supply a gaseous substrate to a biofilm formed on the membrane's exterior.
