ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the organization and operations of the International Peace Campaign (IPC) or Rassemblement universel pour la Paix (RUP) and its China National Committee during the 1930s and the first years of the Second Sino–Japanese War, a key theatre of World War II. It provides a more comprehensive study of the IPC/RUP and its transnational activism, especially in China. The IPC or RUP was born out of a perceived "growing disillusionment" with the lack of "cohesion amongst the peace forces" in the wake of the 1935 Italian invasion of Abyssinia. Activists from Britain and France established the IPC/RUP as an umbrella organization to coordinate peace movements around the world. China's initial involvement in the International Peace Campaign illustrates the complex politics of appeasement and resistance in the 1930s. By mid-1938, the IPC was not only mobilizing support for China on an international level, but was also represented by a newly restructured Chinese National Committee.
