ABSTRACT
This chapter explains about polar organic polymer monoliths that have been introduced for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and hydrophilic capillary electrochromatography (CEC), including mixed-mode monoliths, polar nanoparticle incorporated monoliths, and polar ionic liquid monoliths. It discusses the progress made in organic-silica hybrid monoliths for polar and nonpolar compounds. In addition, the potentials of the monolithic columns were demonstrated in the chromatography of sulfonamides, nucleobases, nucleosides, anesthetics, and proteins. Nonpolar monolithic columns have found increased use in reversed-phase (RP) chromatography and RP–CEC. Both closely related liquid-phase separation techniques are used for the separations of both small and large molecules. The most convenient approach for the preparation of a polar or nonpolar type of monolithic stationary phase having the desired surface interactive ligands has been the direct in situ copolymerization of the suitable functional monomer and cross-linker in the presence of an appropriate porogen.
