ABSTRACT
Chapter 2 attempts to describe the causal mechanism that harnessed education and science to the project of building the modern state, both in terms of securing professional cadres for the state bureaucracy (which involved providing abilities and professions that help further modernisation) and in relation to the state’s involvement in forming the society and ensuring its loyalty and identification with the state, which replace – at least in part – other, more primal identities of the tribe, estate, or caste. The chapter contains analyses of three cases: Great Britain, France, and Poland.
