ABSTRACT
Mongolia and China signed the Agreement of Transboundary Water in 1994, long before a similar Sino-Russian agreement was drafted. The Agreement covers transboundary waters of Kherlen, Khalkh, and Bulgan Rivers and Buir Lake. The key issue of transboundary water cooperation between Mongolia and China is joint monitoring and data exchange on transboundary rivers and lakes. The Amur River Basin has been identified as one of the world's 200 most valuable wilderness places. In Russia the focus of hydropower planning in Amur River Basin shifted from the idea to dam main stem to planning hydropower cascade development on tributaries. The Russian Water Management Scheme for Amur Basin, among its priorities, does not list hydropower, but prevention of riverbank erosion and flood mitigation measures on transboundary watercourses, as well as curbing transboundary water pollution that threatens water supply, fisheries, and river ecosystem integrity. The 2013 flood has demonstrated deficiencies in overall flood management policies and practices in Russia.
