ABSTRACT
The traditional “trial and error” approach and “try-outs” in material forming have been frequently replaced by sophisticated and energy-efficient material-forming techniques, where computations play a significant role. This chapter focuses on the computations and how they significantly affect the sustainability issues in material-forming industry. The sustainability issues in material-forming industry have become a fundamental requirement, in addition to the traditional requirements for lower cost, better quality, and faster to market. A sustainable material-forming process should demonstrate high efficiency in energy consumption, minimum material waste, low cost, high quality, and minimum impact to society. Extrusion is a net shape metal-forming process, in which the product of desired cross-section is obtained by forcing a billet through a die. Rolling is a principal metal-forming technique and is usually a multipass process to achieve accumulated strains. All metal-forming operations are aimed at obtaining a desired geometry based on tolerance limits and microstructural properties which may correspond to mechanical properties of the material.
