ABSTRACT
This chapter provides the manufacturing industries of the six labor-based African industrializers. The industrialization of countries with limited endowments of mineral and energy resources shows that a successful strategy can be anchored in the endowments of land, labor, and skills. Economic activities might accentuate labor and agricultural resources which lend themselves to labor-intensive industrial development. Labor-intensive industries, some resource-intensive branches and skill- and tech-intensive branches, all report wage bills more than half of value added. The factor-based industrializers are also a mixed bag concerning industrial capacity. A combination of inward orientation, inadequate investment, and insufficient skill supply has frustrated industrial deepening in Tanzania despite signs of improvement after 2007. The factor-based industrializers, because of their reliance on diffused endowments and wide-ranging agro-climatic conditions, show an impressive diversity of investment climate, growth performance, income levels, and economic profiles. Quality aside, supply-push investment in higher education puts Egypt in the league of the developed countries.
