ABSTRACT
This chapter explains recent advances in ophthalmic surgery. It also explains local anaesthetic techniques, patient characteristics, preoperative assessment, premedication and postoperative management of ophthalmic surgeries. These surgeries include cataract surgery, corneal transplant, intraocular pressure (IOP), ophthalmic trauma, orbital and oculoplastic surgery, strabismus correction surgery and vitreoretinal surgery. Ophthalmic trauma may result in a spectrum of injury from superficial laceration of the eyelid or cornea to complete disruption of the globe with extrusion of the contents. It may be associated with other injuries. The procedures for ophthalmic trauma include exploration and anatomical repair in the first instance and removal of foreign body if present. In type 1 diabetes and sickle cell anaemia, abnormal blood vessel growth on the retina can cause vitreous haemorrhages. Normal vision requires transparency of the vitreous body and integrity of the retinal layers. The procedures for vitreoretinal surgery include cryo-buckle procedure and vitrectomy.
