ABSTRACT
Progress in the eld of optics in the last 50-60 years is due to remarkable discoveries and inventions among which one may mention
• The discovery of the laser effect and practical realization of a wide range of devices including semiconductor lasers
• The invention of optical bers and their use in high-speed communications
7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 105 7.2 Separation of the Transverse Propagation Modes ........................................ 108 7.3 Describing the Propagation Modes from the Coordinate System of
Constant Phase Surface ................................................................................ 110 7.3.1 Characteristics of Plane Electromagnetic Waves in Ideal
Anisotropic Media ............................................................................ 110 7.3.2 Basic Directions of Vibration Coordinate System ............................ 111
7.4 Determination of Fresnel Equation Roots for Biaxial Anisotropic Media ..... 112 7.4.1 The General Case ............................................................................. 113 7.4.2 Particular Cases ................................................................................ 114
7.5 Some Experimental Determination of the Main Refractive Indices by Interferometric Means .................................................................................. 116
7.6 Determining the Fast and Slow Refractive Indices and the Basic Vibration Direction of Anisotropic Biaxial Crystals .................................... 116 7.6.1 Equations of the Model ..................................................................... 119
7.7 Optical Multilayer Interferential Polarization Filters of Wood Type ........... 120 References .............................................................................................................. 122
• The discovery and synthesis of new materials with outstanding optical properties such as, for example, liquid crystals or various polymers used in the production of new optical components
• The realization of different types of microstructures and nanostructures, etc.
