ABSTRACT
This chapter provides historical and scientific evidence that helps explain why �good people do bad things�; why we engage in unethical acts even when we know they are wrong. Historical examples include the actions of Nazi soldiers during the Holocaust, abuses at Abu Graib prison, and lack of bystander intervention in the Kitty Genovese murder. These are supported by classic studies such as Milgram�s research on obedience, Zimbardo�s Stanford prison experiment, and Asch�s investigation of conformity. History and research both highlight several factors that contribute to unethical action, such as ambiguity of the situation, presence of others, anonymity, diffusion of responsibility, role-playing, obedience to authority, and dehumanization. This discussion puts into perspective the oft-cited misconception that unethical acts are committed only by a few �bad apples.� However, consideration is also given to individuals who resist and despite these influences are still able to �do the right thing.� The conversation thus extends consideration of our ethical obligation beyond resisting harm and proactively doing good. In a series of exercises, readers explore their own experiences with obedience, role-playing, and conformity. Contrasting case studies are also provided to further apply chapter concepts.
