ABSTRACT
Systems testing is also known as integration testing. This sort of testing can be extensive, covering many newly developed modules, both from the software and hardware perspectives. One type of systems testing is known as end-to-end testing. In this case, the test will spread across a number of systems. For example, a telemetry system on a vehicle interfaces with the vehicle but also transmits vehicle information off the vehicle to a central station. With Big-Bang Testing method of systems integration testing, all of the subassemblies or components are assembled just as the end system is envisioned. The testing starts with the system fully constructed as if it were a sellable product. Usage model testing is similar to the big-bang approach. Top-down is not the same as big-bang testing. In top-down testing, the system constituent modules are tested at the high level of functionality progressing downward.
