ABSTRACT
This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the key concepts discussed in the preceding chapters of this book. The book focuses on the experiences of Western international non-governmental organisations (INGOs). It also focuses on the securitisation process, but a better situation would be cooperation rather than tensions. The clash between the two norms sets does not necessarily imply a situation of securitisation. The book discusses the themes of politics, principles and identity. It outlines how the relationship between states and INGOs can be more constructively approached. The state-INGO relationship is a good example of a theme that would benefit from a more constructive engagement between academics and practitioners. Multi-mandate organisations, even those with a strong and well-resourced humanitarian branch, may have a different set of conceptual tools that they bring to negotiating access and envisaging the role of the state.