ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews the normal findings of the female pelvic organs as scanned by transvaginal ultrasound. Transvaginal ultrasound is considered as the first-line technique for imaging the female pelvis, especially for assessing the uterus and the adnexa. Pelvic wall structures refer to the pelvic great vessels, muscles, and bones. Nonreproductive organs refer mainly to the bladder, ureter, recto-sigmoid, and bowel. Pelvic vessels assessable by transvaginal ultrasound are mainly external iliac vessels, internal iliac vessels, and the uterine vessels. Other vessels less frequently assessed by transvaginal ultrasound are the ovarian vessels. The recto-sigmoid is also easily identified as a central pelvic structure located between the uterus and the sacrum. Transvaginal ultrasound allows for assessment of the sliding between the vaginal wall and the rectum, indicating the integrity of the recto-vaginal septum. External iliac vessels are easily identified running parallel to the pelvic wall. The cervix is attached to the pelvic wall by the parametria.
