ABSTRACT
Some physical and emotional problems are responsible for cognitive and memory problems in older people. This chapter examines some of these conditions; the similarities and differences between them and dementia, and discusses implications for treatment. Certain chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease and hypertension are associated with mildly impaired cognitive functioning. Delerium may be mistaken for dementia in older people. Parkinson's disease occurs as a result of cell loss in the basal ganglia, an area in the underlying structure of the brain. A cerebrovascular accident or stroke occurs as a result of an infarction in the blood vessels to and within the brain, or a haemorrhage in the brain. Although head injuries affect larger numbers of younger people, falls and related head injuries are more common in older people. The onset of dementia is often accompanied by depression and anxiety. Depression is the most common emotional problem affecting older people, and is often undiagnosed.
