ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on some of the key criminological theories that have been developed over time. It enables researchers to identify the assumptions which underpin various criminological theories. The main value underpinning critical criminological research is the need to overcome oppressive practices that serve to maintain unequal relationships. A methodological approach to criminological research therefore involves the need to understand the relationship between theories of crime, theories of knowledge and methods. Psychoanalytic criminology draws upon the work of S. Freud and the role of the unconscious and conscious mind. This approach focuses upon individuals and the ways in which the development of personality might influence the propensity to commit crimes. While classicism focused upon individuals' free will and their ability to make choices, it too failed to focus upon people's explanations of their crimes. Classicism assumed that there is an abstract human nature that is inherently selfish and hedonistic.
