ABSTRACT
This chapter explores the interaction between impaired bladder control and various types of physical activity, looking at whether particular types of sport are likely to cause problems of incontinence, and examining the possible role of exercise programmes in improving bladder control. Urinary incontinence is defined by the International Continence Society as a "complaint of any involuntary leakage of urine". Clinicians commonly distinguish a form of urinary leakage termed stress urinary incontinence, which is precipitated by physical exertion, sneezing or coughing, and is of particular concern to the athlete. In cross-sectional studies, it has been somewhat unclear whether urinary incontinence limited subsequent physical activity or whether sedentary behaviour increased the risk of incontinence. The preventive value of habitual physical activity remains unclear, with some investigators arguing that regular exercise strengthens the pelvic floor muscles, and others maintaining that excessive physical activity has a weakening effect. Physical activity apparently has no direct influence on the risk of bladder cancer.
