ABSTRACT
The emotions, including fear and anger, may be aroused through associations with past experiences. The distinction between the behaviour elements in fear and anger is not quite so clear as the distinction between the provoking causes. Violent fear and violent anger are often both accompanied by tearless screaming, followed by crying and sobbing as tension relaxes. Fear and anger are reduced in intensity as soon as a satisfying outlet for the pent-up energy is found and tension is released. Emotional development in regard to fear consists in the substitution of more and more adequate specific responses to startling or terrifying situations for the earlier exhibited panic. General stiffening of the body, muscle tension accompanied by a wide-eyed stare are also manifestations of fear. A most frequent sign of timidity and mild fear is a withdrawal or avoidance reaction. Children may show actual fear of some particular child, or of the whole group of children.
