ABSTRACT
This chapter explores some of the long-term psychological effects. According to Tomkins, 'Rape, like genocide, will not be deterred unless and until the stories are heard. People must hear the horrifying, think the unthinkable and speak the unspeakable'. The long-term physical health effects of war rape and sexual violence, direct and indirect, remain under-investigated. Significant research exists on the health effects of intimate partner violence, and this form of violence has been linked to multiple chronic health effects. Researching the physical and psycho-social consequences of rape in the eastern DRC, Bartels et al. reviewed 1,021 patient medical records at the Panzi Hospital in Bukavu. These records revealed a broader range of physical consequences following rape and sexual violence, including 'pelvic pain, lumbar pain, abdominal pain'. The concept of human security 'broadens the scope of security analysis and policy from territorial security to the security of people' and it necessarily has an economic dimension.
