ABSTRACT
This chapter presents a basic overview of graphene and two-dimensional (2D) materials with specific thrust on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). It focuses on the status of research in graphene and 2D materials and devices are summarized in the context of roadmaps. The chapter provides insight into the basic structure and properties of graphene and 2D materials such as molybdenum disulfide. It discusses the large-scale growth of 2D materials with an emphasis on scalable methods such as thermal and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The chapter also discusses the technological requirements for mass production and industrial application of these materials. It summarizes the state of the art in graphene and 2D material based field-effect transistors. The chapter discusses the different physical mechanisms that enable sensing photons in 2D materials. It reviews potential optoelectronics applications of graphene, TMDs and their heterostructures with special mention of the underlying mechanisms.
