ABSTRACT
This chapter concerns the effect of innovation driven, institutionalized Research from the vantage point of reasoned realization, and, perhaps surprisingly, to Brazil. Fernando Cardoso's doctoral thesis, Capitalism and Slavery in Southern Brazil, provided an analysis of the rise and demise of the slavery system in the nineteenth century in the southernmost state in Brazil. Cardoso and associates emerged as significant players in the gradual process of political reopening that began in 1973. The Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB) was the main political organization demanding the return of democracy in the 1970s. Brazilians, as Gilbert Freyre has said, are people of great cultural heterogeneity, born from a "south-western" combination of occidental Portuguese tradition with African and indigenous Indian traditions. Embedded in an academic and intellectual trajectory, the Cardosian worldview accepted the leading economic role of the market, while maintaining that it does not address all needs, creates problems of its own, and tends to dissolve human solidarity.
