The Troika governments (2011–2014)

The Tunisian Revolution raised questions about whether the county’s foreign policy should carry on its continuity or embrace change. This issue dominated the public debate on foreign policy where the Troika, advocating for change, faced proponents of continuity. Considering the new foreign policy actors’ preference for introducing change, this chapter analyses how Tunisia’s foreign policy was affected by the three central foreign policy actors (Jebali, Laarayedh and Marzouki) between late 2011 and January 2014. An actor-centric approach is applied to examine the changes through the prism of four case studies (relations with Syria, Libya, Egypt and the Gulf countries).