ABSTRACT
This chapter traces foreign policy and foreign policy-making processes in Mozambique from its independence in 1975 up to the post-Cold War period. Foreign policy during the Cold War is examined within the context of the civil war in Mozambique, South Africa's destabilization campaigns against it, and the country's declining economic performance. The chapter argues that as Mozambique's economy and political situation continued to decline over the years as a result of civil war and natural calamities, its foreign policy-makers increasingly became more pragmatic in a bid to end the economic and political crisis. In Mozambique, the actual formulation of foreign policy rested within the elites, at the highest levels around the president. Political parties, both ruling and opposition parties, as well as the National Assembly are also increasingly becoming important actors in the foreign policy-making process. Mozambique's foreign policy-making process is also influenced by regional external actors, namely South Africa and the South African Development Community (SADC).
