ABSTRACT
The empirical implication of the theoretical prediction is therefore that some of the variation in party system size that Maurice Duverger's law ascribes to Proportional Representation (PR) may actually be only spuriously related to PR. Environmentalists are the active few who take a different view. For them, environmentalism goes beyond simply repairing the damage that economic growth does to the natural world, and instead places the goals of ecological balance, inclusive participation, and equality at the center of policy-making. Environmentalism is not only relatively consistent across a wide variety of nations, within a relatively similar time-frame, but it is also an important movement in its own right. Ethnic minority communities in industrialized democracies fit the template: issues of civil rights, discrimination, and sometimes regional autonomy are a high priority inside their community but a lower priority outside it.
