ABSTRACT
An organisation is heterogeneous rather than homogeneous because people either are assigned to or assume different roles and responsibilities. The primary purpose of management is to coordinate the efforts of an organisation, or strictly speaking of the people in an organisation either including or excluding the management itself, so that the goals and objectives are accomplished efficiently and effectively. The assumptions or expectations of what other people should do is called Work-as-Imagined (WAI), while that which people actually do is called Work-as-Done (WAD). In the planning of work, in the management of work and in the analysis of work, it is always necessary to refer to a description of work as it is assumed to be – as it is imagined. It is obvious that the performance of an organisation in some fundamental sense is inseparable from the performance of the people that are the organisation. This goes for every aspect of performance and therefore also for resilient performance.
