ABSTRACT
Technical work subdivision usually involves special production processes and investment in new equipment. Machine technology requires large numbers of people in its development, and in distribution of the goods it produces. Machines utilize energy for performing work. Industrial machines perform work by using energy sources other than men or animals. Skill specialization according to task or machine reduces transferability of the skill to another operation or machine. The broad specialization of labor that occurs society-wide influences the occupational and other social structures of a society. Division of labor may result from establishing fundamentally new technologies. Mass production of items for consumer purchase, coupled with standardization of the product in order that each successive consumer could expect to receive substantially the same product, led to stabilization of production technology. Specialization of work within the technologies of a given enterprise represents one of the fundamental ways by which rationality is introduced into the organization.
