ABSTRACT
DATA VISUALIZATION pioneer William Cleveland wrotethat visualizations translate numbers into images on the pageor screen, so that the reader can translate them back again in their brain. Both of those translations have to work, and there are many ways in which we can take a number and make it into some aspect of an image, so the choice has to be made carefully. Also, the reader should be able to so without craning their neck, scratching their head and generally struggling over the image, or they may well just give up and move on.
