ABSTRACT
Alterations in sleep patterns are among a multitude of physiologic changes occurring during pregnancy. In this chapter, we review the most common sleep disorders in pregnancy among them Sleep disordered breathing, Restless leg syndrome and Insomnia.
Sleep disordered breathing is a spectrum of abnormal respiration during sleep which develops during pregnancy due to reduction in the upper airway size, increased fluid retention, weight gain and changes in lung mechanics. Data from recent years suggest that SDB during pregnancy increases the risk of gestational hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, increased birth weight and adiposity as well as increased risk for preterm birth.
Restless leg syndrome commonly develops in late pregnancy, with a recovery around delivery and is mostly treated by reassurance, nonpharmacological treatment or medications such as Iron supplementation.
Insomnia, short sleep duration, and reduced sleep quality are common in pregnant women and related to musculoskeletal discomfort, heartburn, nocturia and uterine contractions. These are associated with increased risk for gestational diabetes, preterm deliveries, high rates of caesarian deliveries, and depression.
In conclusion, data from recent years indicate that sleep disorders are not “Normal” during pregnancy and are associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Improved awareness of healthcare providers is warranted.
