ABSTRACT
A massive change to defence management came about in the latter part of the 1990s as a result of the then Conservative administration's decision to adopt a version of commercial accounting across government. With the Cold War over and Kuwait successfully liberated in 1991, the United Kingdom (UK) did not immediately undertake a major defence review to specify the UK's future challenges, its role in the world, and the missions expected to undertake. The linking of wider thought about management explicitly with the Ministry of Defence (MoD) was a significant contribution of Michael Heseltine, himself a successful businessman as well as a former soldier, as Secretary of State for Defence between 1982 and 1986. Detailed consideration of how management of the MoD was to be changed was entrusted to Lord Levene and a smaller group who reported in November 2011.
