ABSTRACT
The transport of carriers, electrons and holes, in semiconductors has been of interest for quite some time. It seems to be clear that today's semiconductor devices are truly small, whether it be the single-atom transistor or a modern industrial tri-gate field-effect transistor with an effective gate length of only 14 nm. Today, the critical length in a modern trigate transistor is approaching the distance between the individual atoms of the underlying semiconductor. Most of the important quantum effects are in a direction normal to that in which the current flows. Waves came to the quantum mechanics of particles primarily from Prince Louis de Broglie. By understanding the transport properties of the carriers, one could certainly understand more about the physics governing the interactions between the carriers and their environment–the surfaces, the phonons, and so on. One of the hallmarks of classical physics is the strong connection between energy and momentum.
