ABSTRACT
This chapter describes the United States (US) Global Positioning System (GPS), Inertial navigation system, and Bluetooth technologies and examines several of their applications. The Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) consists of 27 satellites, 24 operational that are more useful in northern latitudes. Smartphone manufacturers are increasingly exploiting a combination of US GPS and GLONASS to improve the tracking accuracy of their devices. GPS is utilized by package delivery services to ensure timely delivery of merchandise and efficient operations, and city, county, state, and national agencies to track service vehicles, monitor search and rescue efforts, and enable future air traffic control systems. Travel time estimates obtained from reidentification of Bluetooth devices is subject to errors produced by vehicles traveling faster or slower than the prevailing traffic flow or by devices that may not be in vehicles at all. Bluetooth travel time data collection using roadside Media access control address readers produces reasonably accurate travel time measurements.
