ABSTRACT
The correlation between the decline of war and the process of industrialization and modernization–both unfolding since the early nineteenth century and practically overlooked in International Relation theory–is unlikely to be accidental. Some elements of the modernization process have affected the general decrease in belligerency from the very beginning of the industrial age, while others have emerged and added their weight later on during the past two centuries, as the process of modernization has unfolded. Commercial interdependence has been the only economic aspect of the Modernization Peace that has long gained wide recognition. The female deficit also means that sexual prospects for many young males are bleak. How much weight this factor will carry within the plurality of elements that comprise the Modernization Peace is difficult to say. The various elements of the Modernization Peace account for the Long Peace phenomenon, occurring three consecutive times and for ever longer periods from 1815 onward.
