ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the nature of the bio-cultural interactions involved, whose complexity, and even existence, are all too often ignored in the debate. The architect of these different structures is our genes, and their agent is the sex hormones, particularly the famous male hormone, testosterone. Scientists have found that its presence is beginning to structure the male as different from the female right from the start, from the very beginning of the fetus’ evolution in the womb. Male and female differences in identity are already largely shaped at birth, and behavioural differences between the sexes are recorded very early, before social conditioning can play an effective role. Females also produce testosterone, only much less than males. Even though murder rates diverge widely in other parts of the world, the woman/man split remains roughly the same in favour of the men.
