ABSTRACT
C h a n g i n g v e s s e l t e c h n o l o g y p r e s e n t s a m a j o r c h a l l e n g e to s h i pping management. V e s s e l s cost tens of m i l l i o n s of d o l l a r s and h a v e a p h y s i c a l l i f e of m o r e t h a n 20 y e a r s . A c h a n g e in v e s s e l d e s i g n for a c o m p a n y may a l s o require a change in port facil i t i e s , i n f o r m a t i o n systems, and mark e t i n g techniques.
