ABSTRACT
Deng Xiaoping's heir, Jiang Zemin, followed in his mentor's footsteps by focusing on promoting efficiency. While promoting efficiency, Jiang's government completed China's transformation into a capitalist society unconstrained by democracy. Efficiency can be considered under five different types – market, technical, profit, cost, and Pareto. Jiang Zemin abandoned central planning, freeing up prices. As a result, China enjoyed the most market efficiency it had experienced since 1949. One of the most unethical aspects of Jiang Zemin's administration is China changing the rules. Under Mao, the rural communes provided free health care, housing, and food for workers, their children, and the elderly. Jiang Zemin's administration increased efficiency but sacrificed ethics and the macroeconomic goal of low unemployment in the process. Furthermore, by changing the rules of society and being so corrupt, Jiang's administration further undercut any trust the Chinese masses had in China's government and economy.
