ABSTRACT
This chapter looks at the formal requirements and the parallel standards laid down by the industry for their implementation, and which in turn have led to their improvement. Qualifications require training, and the organisation of facilities for marine education is of crucial concern in the production of competent seafarers. The training establishments grew up in a haphazard fashion in an attempt to equip the aspiring officers of various degrees of experience with the necessary knowledge of reading, writing and arithmetic. Training for the various certificates is available at some ordinary-schools, technical and special colleges, at some universities, and through correspondence courses. The recruitment and training of cadets is a matter of individual company policy in the final analysis, and some companies train boys in the traditional manner of a four-year practical apprenticeship. The kind of training for which remission from the sea service requirement may be granted is of several kinds.
