ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on nationalism and its explanations. Nationalism is presented as a political movement, group or party. Such movements refer to, and often name, themselves 'national' or 'nationalist'; they organise meetings utilising national symbols, publish nationalist pamphlets, and strive toward particular political goals. There are, besides the several different meanings of nationalism, also several different types of nationalism distinguished in the literature. One distinction is that between cultural and political nationalism. Some authors state that, historically, the growth of cultural nationalism provided a basis for political nationalism. Others distinguish between ethnic, or linguistic, nationalism and territorial nationalism. The next distinction is between three historically and regionally bound forms of nationalism: original or classical nationalism; nationalism in developing countries; and tertiary nationalism. Original or classical nationalism refers to nationalism found in small Western and Northern European countries, where the emphasis is on national differentiation and individuality in the competition with the big powers.
