ABSTRACT
appendix c Standardisation of expressive activities scale Item Incidence (%) No eating in playground 11 Pupils leave dining table with whole dining group 11 Scooters prohibited 13 Motor bikes prohibited 13 No school work to be done in formrooms at break 13 No games in formroom at break 13 Pupils line up before entering school 14 Special places in official bus or coach 15 Line up after break 17 Homework forbidden in formrooms 17 Rules about eating on way to school 19 Cars prohibited 19 Special cycle parking places 21 Rules about behaviour on official bus 24 All pupils must buy copy of school magazine 28 Each pupil has special dinner place 28 Adults ‘first in queue’ rule at bus stops 29 Pupils may not enter classrooms before teachers 31 Special playground entrances 39 Sandwich lunches require permission 40 Pupils queue outside classrooms 40 All pupils must attend swimming gals 44 Restricted access to cloakrooms 47 No records to be played in formrooms 47 No rooms for the exclusive use of pupils 47 Pupils supervised on school bus 49 Each pupil has special dinner table 50 Certain games prohibited in playground 51 Rules about the use of motor transport 53 Individual places allocated in cloakroom 53 Controlled access to stairs and corridors 54 Eating prohibited in formrooms 56 Dinner tables supervised 56 Sandwich lunches forbidden 58 Pupils leave dinner table when instructed 60 Special playground areas 60 Special entry time 64 No drinking tea, etc. in form rooms 65 Rules about hair length or style 65 Journey to hall supervised 65 Permission required to use bicycle 65 Only those with health problems exempt PE 69 Pupils must attend speech day 71 Pupils leave dinner table with other table members 72 Only those with health problems exempt games 78 Pupils may not leave dinner table when they wish 78 Special entry doors 78 Permission required to leave school in dinner hour 79 Queue for dinner 81 Restricted access to formrooms in dinner hour 82 Building cleared of pupils at break 82 211School diners may not leave school in dinner hour 83 Special cloakroom areas 85 Restricted access to formrooms at break 88 All pupils must attend sports day 90 (N =72) Social class differences in expressive involvement – mean scores on scale Girls' modern schools No. 01 03. 06 22. 4th year WC mean 5.2 5.3 4.7 4.8 (n S.D.) (49 0.87) (51 0.92) (53 1.18) (50 1.12) MC Mean 5.0 4.4 4.6 4.2 (n S.D.) (10 0.77) (25 1.17) (21 1.05) (17 0.94) Mixed grammar schools No. 08 13 27 4th year girls' WC mean 4.7 5.3 5.0 (n S.D.) (22 1.35) (10 0.64) (10 0.63) MC mean 4.8 4.8 4.7 (n S.D.) (29 1.38) (29 1.30) (20 0.90) Mixed Comprehensives No. 05 10 14 23 29 30 5th year girls' WC mean 5.4 5.0 4.7 5.3 5.0 5.4 (n S.D.) (26 0.74) (28 1.05) (27 1.09) (24 0.84) (26 1.04) (10 9.81) MC mean 5.3 4.8 4.4 4.0 4.7 5.0 (n S.D.) (15 0.93) (20 1.25) (17 1.42) (4 1.22) (3 1.25) (29 1.16) Boys' Grammar Schools No. 02 09 28 4th year WC mean 4.7 4.6 5.1 (n S.D.) (47 1.42) (8 1.22) (15 0.77) MC mean 4.7 4.2 4.9 (n S.D.) (36 1.10) (14 1.32) (43 1.22) * Significant at the 5 per cent level. Social class differences in expressive involvement – percentage occupancy of positions Girls’ Modern Schools No. 01 03 06 22 2nd year WC % (n) 41 (58) 42 (53) 38 (76) 62 (47) MC % (n) 47 (17) 61 (23) 39 (28) 76 (21) Comprehensives No. 05 10 14 23 29 30 Girl’5th year WC % (n) 65 (26) 50 (28) 56 (27) 39 (24) 57 (26) 50 (19) MC % (n) 73 (15) 70 (20) 41 (17) 75 (4) 69 (3) 56 (29) Boys’ Modern No. 16 21 25 26 2nd year WC % (n) 35 (40) 37 (71) 49 (50) 45 (47) MC % (n) 45 (ID 41 (38) 56 (10) 50 (39) 4th year WC % (n) 31 (29) 51 (75) 64 (28) 51 (47) MC % (n) 64 (11) 54 (28) 70 (10) 63 (26) Boys’ Grammar No. 02 09 28 2nd year WC % (n) 47 (49) 38 (13) 36 (11) MC % (n) 60 (36) 65 (20) 72 (46) Mixed Grammar No. 08 13 27 4th year Boys WC % (n) 79 (14) 88 (7) 100 (5) MC % (n) 52 (25) 63 (19) 50 (9) 5th year Boys WC % (n) 58 (12) 81 (11) 43 (7) MC % (n) 87 (23) 85 (27) 80 (15) Statistically significant differences (5 per cent or over by chi-square) 2nd year, school no. 28; 4th year, nos 16, 27; 5th year, nos 23, 08, 27. Percentage of pupils of different sexes occupying school positions in mixed grammar schools 2nd year 4th year 5th year 7th year School No. B G B G B G B G 08 % 30 25 44 22 42 17 38 19 n 50 58 43 54 37 54 33 36 13 % 54 5 88 48 63 37 100 21 n 33 42 32 43 47 53 24 24 27 % 54 53 76 45 63 71 45 50 n 24 30 17 31 27 21 11 6 Statistically significant differences (5 per cent or over by chi-square) 2nd year, school no.13; 4th year, school nos 08, 13 and 27; 5th year, school nos 08 and 13; 7th year, school no. 13. Age differences in expressive involvement – mean scores on scale Boys' Grammar No 02* 09 28 2nd year mean 5.0 4.7 5.1 (n S.D.) (94 0.99) (35 1.23) (64 0.98) 4th year mean 4.6 4.4 4.4 (n S.D.) (94 1.39) (23 1.28) (62 1.19) Mixed grammar No. 08* 13 27* Girls 2nd year mean 5.3 5.2 5.2 (n S.D.) (58 0.93) (42 0.78) (30 0.96) Girls 4th year mean 4.7 4.9 4.7 (n S.D.) (54 1.38) (43 1.19) (31 0.09) * Difference in means of ages 5 per cent significant by t test. Expressive involvement of girls in grammar schools Girls’ Grammar No. 17 18 Mixed Grammar No. 08 13 27 2nd year mean 4.5 4.9 5.3 5.2 5.2 (n S.D.) (91 1.25) (115 1.14) (58 0.93) (42 0.78) (30 0.96) Percentage occupancy of positions by school status and sex composition Girls’ Grammar No. 17 18 Mixed Grammar No. 08 13 27 2nd year % 62 83 55 48 53 girls (n) (77) (115) (58) (42) (30) Girls’ Modern No. 01 03 06 22 5th year % 100 72 85 71 (n) (21) (54) (27) (38) Boys’ Modern No. 16 21 25 26 5th year % 92 66 97 76 (n) (24) (67) (36) (41) Mixed Modern No. 04 11 15 19 20 5th year girls % 76 100 96 100 35 (n) (37) (19) (28) (4) (17) 5th year boys % 62 92 68 100 44 (n) (39) (24) (28) (6) (45) Comprehensive No. 05 10 14 23 29 30 5th year girls % 70 57 49 44 68 40 (n) (47) (54) (47) (27) (31) (40) 5th year boys % 70 66 60 62 66 63 (n) (67) (73) (40) (34) (56) (38) Age and sex differences in acceptance ofschooluniform https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781315211190/07a3804a-ed4f-4d7c-afff-eefef03d4c05/content/fig7.tif"/> https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781315211190/07a3804a-ed4f-4d7c-afff-eefef03d4c05/content/fig7a.tif"/> https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781315211190/07a3804a-ed4f-4d7c-afff-eefef03d4c05/content/fig8.tif"/> https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781315211190/07a3804a-ed4f-4d7c-afff-eefef03d4c05/content/fig9.tif"/> Age and sex differences in acceptance ofschooluniform https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781315211190/07a3804a-ed4f-4d7c-afff-eefef03d4c05/content/fig10.tif"/> https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781315211190/07a3804a-ed4f-4d7c-afff-eefef03d4c05/content/fig11.tif"/> https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781315211190/07a3804a-ed4f-4d7c-afff-eefef03d4c05/content/fig12.tif"/> https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781315211190/07a3804a-ed4f-4d7c-afff-eefef03d4c05/content/fig13.tif"/> Age and social class differences in House involvement. Grammar school boys School No. 02 09 28 WC MC All WC MC All WC MC All 2nd year mean 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5 (n S.D.) (49 0.63) (36 0.58) (94 0.64) (13 0.63) (20 0.74) (35 0.69) (11 0.50) (46 0.70) (64 0.77) 4th year mean 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.2 (n S.D.) (47 0.74) (36 0.83) (94 0.78) (8 0.86) (14 0.70) (23 0.80) (15 0.77) (43 0.81) (62 0.79) 5th year mean 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 (n S.D.) (37 0.72) (49 0.85) (97 0.82) (12 0.85) (19 0.75) (34 0.90) (11 0.83) (52 0.81) (72 0.83) 7th year mean 0.6 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.5 (nS.D.) (23 0.83) (42 0.89) (77 0.90) (3 0.82) (12 0.86) (17 0.87) (8 0.66) (27 0.72) (37 0.76) School No. 08 13 27 2nd year mean 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.5 (n S.D.) (17 0.59) (27 0.84) (50 0.84) (11 0.64) (16 0.50) (33 0.60) (5 0.40) (18 0.76) (24 0.71) 4th year mean 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.4 (n S.D.) (14 0.74) (25 0.91) (43 0.88) (7 0.35) (19 0.75) (32 0.82) (5 0.49) (9 0.68) (17 0.69) 5th year mean 1.3 0.8 0.9 1.5 1.4 1.3 0.7 1.3 1.0 (nS.D.) (12 0.92) (23 0.92) (37 0.94) (11 0.98) (27 0.73) (47 0.83) (7 0.45) (15 0.77) (27 0.77) 7th year mean 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.7 1.2 1.2 0.3 1.0 0.7 (n S.D.) (11 0.77) (19 0.89) (33 0.88) (3 0.47) (18 0.71) (24 0.87) (4 0.43) (7 0.93) (11 0.86) Statistically significant differences of mean scores (5 per cent or higher) All 2nd year/all 7th year, school nos 02, 08, 09, 13, 27, 28; WC/MC 7th year, school nos 02; 5th year school no. 08. Age and social class differences in satisfaction with pastoral care in grammar schools Boys School No. 02 09 28 08 13 27 2nd year mean 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.3 (n S.D.) (94 0.74) (35 0.84) (66 0.70) (50 0.77) (33 0.60) (24 0.73) 4th year mean 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.9 (n S.D.) (94 0.78) (23 0.65) (62 0.68) (43 0.73) (32 0.82) (17 0.83) 5th yearmean 1.2 0.7 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.6 (n S.D.) (97 0.79) (34 0.74) (72 0.68) (37 0.75) (47 0.70) (27 0.74) 7th year mean 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.0 (n S.D.) (77 0.79) (17 0.62) (37 0.66) (34 0.77) (24 0.66) (11 0.60) Girls School No. 17 18 08 13 27 2nd year mean 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.4 (n S.D.) (91 0.71) (115 0.78) (58 0.53) (42 0.58) (30 0.66) 4th year mean 0.5 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.7 (n S.D.) (95 0.68) (107 0.80) (54 0.81) (43 0.80) (31 0.62) 5th year mean 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.1 (n S.D.) (79 0.78) (67 0.72) (54 0.72) (53 0.83) (21 0.75) 7th year mean 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.0 (n S.D.) (25 0.78) (23 0.86) (36 0.60) (24 0.79) (6 0.58) All WC mean 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.2 (n S.D.) (109 0.79) (120 0.75) (74 0.76) (38 0.60) (29 0.75) All MC mean 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.0 (n S.D.) (143 0.83) (179 0.78) (113 0.71) (101 0.82) (55 0.66) Statistically significant differences in mean scores (5 per cent or higher) 2nd year/7th year boys, school nos. 02, 28,; girls, no. 08; WC/MC, school nos. 13, 17, 18. Sex and social class differences in percentage membership of school teams Girls’ Modern No 01 03 06 22 Girls’ Comprehensive No. 12 WC % 20 15 13 28 16 n (120) (123) (150) (116) (83) MC % 36 24 7 34 22 n (33) (71) (55) (53) (32) Boys’Modern. No 16 21 25 26 WC % 23 25 33 29 n (82) (190) (101) (113) MC % 36 31 41 56 n (31) (85) (32) (82) Mixed Modern No 04 07 11 15 19 20 Boys WC % 32 33 31 35 45 32 n (56) (40) (77) (89) (20) (53) MC % 42 33 51 68 36 21 n (43) (3) (47) (39) (11) (39) Girls WC % 22 17 31 36 38 14 n (67) (36) (51) (69) (21) (43) MC % 25 14 34 31 31 25 n (52) (7) (56) (39) (13) (24) Girls’ Grammar No. 17 18 Boys’ Grammar No. 02 09 28 WC % 34 12 49 51 41 n (109) (120) (156) (36) (46) MC % 37 20 40 54 46 n (148) (179) (163) (65) (172) Mixed Grammar No. 08 13 27 Boys WC % 31 75 67 n (54) (32) (21) MC % 43 58 51 n (94) (80) (49) Mixed Grammar No. 08 13 27 Girls WC % 19 26 55 n (74) (38) (29) MC % 20 31 55 n (113) (101) (55) Mixed Comprehensive No. 05 10 14 23 24 30 Boys WC % 39 27 26 43 31 36 n (124) (175) (133) (108) (84) (76) MC % 42 32 20 39 32 25 n (36) (80) (59) (26) (56) (59) Girls WC % 34 15 14 25 22 29 n (92) (137) (126) (85) (63) (59) MC % 28 8 17 19 25 31 n (32) (72) (75) (21) (36) (68) Statistically significant differences (5 per cent or higher by chi-square) Boys WC/MC, school nos 11, 15 and 26; Girls WC/MC, school no. 18. Sex differences in percentage agreement with ‘I like doing games’ Mixed Grammar No. 08 13 27 Boys % 77 82 76 n (164) (136) (79) Girls % 69 79 83 n (202) (162) (88) Mixed Modern No. 04 07 11 15 19 20 Boys % 66 90 83 84 66 76 n (125) (51) (132) (133) (38) (127) Girls % 67 75 73 72 82 66 n (141) (52) (119) (124) (40) (94) Mixed.Comprehensive NO. 05 10 14 23 29 30 Boys % 86 80 82 88 85 78 n (186) (290) (205) (44) (42) (153) Girls % 79 65 67 81 87 77 n (142) (234) (216) (118) (112) (136) Statistically significant differences (5 per cent or higher by chi-square) School nos 07, 11, 15, 19, 10 and 14. Social class differences in the frequency of joining school clubs Girls’ Modern No. 01 03 06 22 Girls’ Comprehensive No. 12 WC mean 0.4 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.6 (n S.D.) (120 0.89) (1231.21) (150 1.15) (116 1.15) (83 1.16) MC mean 0.4 1.4 0.5 0.3 1.3 (n S.D.) (33 0.64) (71 1.32) (551.26) (53 0.44) (32 2.05) Boys’ Modern No. 16 21 .25 26 WC mean 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.7 (n S.D.) (82 1.06) (190 0.93) (101 0.79) (113 1.17) MC mean 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 (n S.D.) (31 1.19) (85 1.00) (32 1.13) (82 0.97) Mixed Modern No. 04 07 11 15 19 20 Boys WCmean 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.7 (n S.D.) (56 0.68) (40 0.89) (77 0.75) (89 1.17) (20 0.30) (53 0.93) MC mean 0.8 0.0 0.4 0.7 0.5 1.3 (n S.D.) (43 1.27) (3 0.00) (47 0.53) (39 1.43) (11 0.66) (39 1.42) Girls’ Grammar No. 17 18 Boys’ Grammar No. 02 09 28 WC mean 1.0 0.6 1.7 1.4 1.8 (n S.D.) (109 1.38) (120 1.07) (156 1.41) (36 1.23) (46 2.20) MC mean 1.5 0.7 2.0 1.2 1.9 (n S.D.) (148 1.51) (179 1.11) (163 1.50) (65 1.69) (172 1.66) Mixed Grammar NO 08 13 27 Boys WC mean 0.8 0.9 0.5 (n S.D.) (54 1.20) (32 1.22) (21 0.73) MC mean 0.9 1.7 0.5 (n S.D.) (94 1.13) (80 1.69) (49 0.86) Girls WC mean 0.5 1.1 0.5 (n S.D.) (74 0.78) (38 1.17) (29 0.86) MC mean 0.7 1.6 0.3 (n S.D.) (113 0.94) (101 1.64) (55 0.55) Mixed Comprehensive No. 05 10 14 23 29 30 Boys WC mean 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.7 (n S.D.) (124 1.42) (175 1.06) (133 0.87) (108 0.72) (84 1.24) (76 1.20) MC mean 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.4 0.5 1.6 (n S.D.) (36 1.36) (80 1.19) (59 1.17) (26 0.74) (56 1.12) (59 1.95) Girls WC mean 1.1 0.4 0.5 1.0 0.3 0.9 (n S.D.) (92 1.62) (137 0.77) (126 0.75) (85 0.95) (63 0.50) (59 1.28) MC mean 0.9 0.5 1.2 1.0 0.3 1.2 (n S.D.) (32 1.47) (72 0.99) (75 1.35) (21 0.98) (36 0.75) (68 1.66) Statistically significant differences of mean scores (5 per cent or higher) WC/MC boys, school nos. 13, 14, 19, 21, 30; girls, school nos. 03, 13, 14, 17. Age and sex differences in the frequency of joining school clubs in grammar schools Girls’ Grammar No 17 18 Boys’ Grammar No 02 09 28 2nd year mean 1.7 0.9 1.6 2.6 2.2 (n S.D.) (91 1.56) (115 148) (94 1.33) (35 1.73) (64 1.62) 4th year mean 10 0.2 1.8 1.0 1.3 (n S.D.) (95 1.33) (107 0.64) (94 1.24) (23 1.22) (62 1.29) 5th year mean 0.7 0.6 1.6 0.8 1.8 (n S.D.) (79 0.94) (67 1.02) (97 1.64) (34 1.97) (72 1.98) 7th year mean 2.8 1.3 2.6 0.1 2.2 (n S.D.) (25 1.26) (23 1.57) (77 1.43) (17 0.24) (37 1.57) Mixed Grammar No. 08 13 27 Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls 2nd year mean 0.9 0.6 1.4 1.9 0.2 0.1 (n S.D.) (50 1.10) (58 1.01) (33 1.45) (42 1.18) (24 0.58) (30 0.54) 4th year mean 0.7 0.4 1.1 1.4 0.8 0.5 (n S.D.) (43 0.92) (54 0.65) (32 1.34) (43 1.47) (17 1.04) (31 0.56) 5th year mean 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.1 0.5 0.6 (n S.D.) (37 1.14) (54 0.73) (47 1.30) (53 1.24) (27 0.74) (21 0.79) 7th year mean 1.1 0.9 3.1 2.0 1.1 0.8 (n S.D.) (33 1.29) (36 1.06) (24 1.63) (24 2.27) (11 0.67) (6 0.69) Statistically significant differences of mean scores (5 per cent or higher) 2nd year/7th year boys, school nos. 02, 13, 27; 2nd year/7th year girls, school nos. 17, 27. Sex, age and social class differences in percentage expectation of post-school education Girls’ Modern No. 01 03 06 22 Girls’ comprehensive No. 12 WC MC WC MC WC MC WC MC WC MC 2nd year % 38 53 62 87 42 75 36 67 39 41 n (58) (17) (53) (23) (76) (28) (47) (21) (46) (22) 4th year % 27 40 61 80 43 33 56 76 37 67 n (49) (10) (51) (25) (53) (21) (50) (17) (27) (6) 5th year % 31 17 68 96 67 83 100 93 80 75 n (13) (6) (19) (23) (21) (6) (19) (15) (10) (4) Boys’ Modern No. 16 21 25 26 WC MC WC MC WC MC WC MC 2nd year % 45 55 49 58 28 20 49 56 n (40) (11) (71) (38) (50) (10) (47) (39) 4th year % 59 64 67 75 64 80 55 65 n (29) (11) (75) (28) (38) (10) (47) (26) 5th year % 77 100 86 79 87 75 68 88 n (13) (9) (44) (19) (23) (12) (19) (17) Girls’ Grammar No. 17 18 Boys’ Grammar No. 02 09 28 WC MC WC MC WC MC WC MC WC MC 2nd year % 80 77 86 91 78 86 77 85 100 85 n (46) (40) (49) (58) (49) (36) (13) (20) (11) (46) 4th year % 63 89 80 85 77 86 75 79 80 84 n (32) (46) (44) (60) (47) (36) (8) (14) (15) (43) 5th year % 65 75 83 83 81 82 75 84 82 96 n (26) (44) (20) (47) (37) (49) (12) (19) (11) (52) 7th year % 100 94 86 93 91 100 67 92 100 96 n (5) (18) (7) (14) (23) (42) (3) (12) (8) (27) Mixed modern No. 04 07 11 15 19 20 WC MC WC MC WC MC WC MC WC MC WC MC Boys 2nd year % 41 60 29 100 47 27 55 67 33 50 63 38 n (22) (10) (21) (1) (30) (15) (33) (6) (9) (2) (16) (8) 4th year % 47 71 37 50 40 49 61 62 29 57 75 46 n (19) (14) (19) (2) (35) (21) (41) (21) (7) (7) (20) (13) 5th year % 93 100 — — 75 64 53 75 75 100 71 88 n (15) (19) (0) (0) (12) (11) (15) (12) (4) (2) (17) (16) Girls 2nd year % 52 83 33 67 59 63 40 50 11 75 47 43 n (27) (12) (18) (3) (22) (24) (20) (10) (9) (4) (15) (14) 4th year % 50 55 27 0 21 42 46 58 58 57 31 60 n (24) (22) (15) (3) (24) (19) (33) (19) (12) (6) (16) (5) 5th year % 75 89 0 0 80 69 94 90 — 100 60 50 n (16) (18) (3) (1) (5) (13) (16) (10) (0) (3) (10) (4) Mixed Grammar No. 08 13 27 Mixed comprehensive No. 24 WC MC WC MC WC MC WC MC Boys 2nd year % 65 85 36 69 80 78 4th year % 57 88 77 63 60 84 41 42 n (14) (25) (7) (19) (5) (9) (71) (12) 5th year % 67 78 100 85 100 67 n (12) (23) (11) (27) (7) (15) 7th year % 73 89 67 89 100 86 n (11) (19) (3) (18) (4) (7) Girls 2nd year % 83 87 91 88 60 58 n (24) (30) (11) (24) (10) (19) 4th year % 95 83 80 69 90 85 41 69 n (22) (29) (10) (29) (10) (20) (34) (26) 5th year % 81 91 73 91 88 100 62 77 n (16) (34) (11) (33) (8) (11) (39) (39) 7th year % 100 95 83 93 100 40 100 93 n (12) (20) (6) (15) (1) (5) (18) (15) Mixed comprehensive No. 05 10 14 23 29 30 WC MC WC MC WC MC WC MC WC MC WC MC Boys 2nd year % 57 38 33 39 42 48 24 67 52 50 38 61 n (35) (8) (45) (18) (55) (21) (42) (9) (25) (16) (32) (18) 4th year % 44 89 52 77 45 60 35 38 64 83 58 64 n (39) (9) (81) (40) (47) (15) (40) (8) (25) (18) (18) (11) 5th year % 79 60 80 79 59 69 82 88 97 67 83 85 n (47) (15) (46) (19) (22) (16) (22) (8) (32) (21) (18) (20) 7th year % 100 100 67 100 89 71 75 0 100 100 100 100 n (3) (4) (3) (3) (9) (7) (4) (1) (2) (1) (8) (10) Girls 2nd year % 30 50 26 50 34 42 26 60 44 63 62 74 n (30) (4) (43) (20) (67) (33) (27) (10) (18) (19) (26) (27) 4th year % 30 33 41 30 17 55 28 50 35 36 23 50 n (33) (9) (61) (30) (29) (22) (32) (6) (17) (14) (13) (8) 5th year % 62 53 32 50 33 53 63 75 46 67 79 76 n (26) (15) (28) (20) (27) (17) (24) (4) (26) (3) (19) (29) 7th year % 67 75 60 100 100 67 100 100 100 — 100 75 n (3) (4) (5) (2) (3) (3) (2) (1) (2) (0) (1) (4) Statistically significant differences (5 per cent or higher by chi-square) 2nd year WC/MC, school nos. 03, 06 and 22; 4th year WC/MC girls, school nos. 17, 24 and 14; boys, school nos. 08, 10; 5th year WC/MC girls, school no. 03; boys, school no. 29. Age and sex differences in instrumental involvement Girls’ Modern No. 01 03 06 22 2nd year mean 5.3 5.3 4.9 5.2 (n S.D.) (88 1.08) (98 1.02) (108 1.31) (77 1.16) 4th year mean 5.0 4.8 4.8 4.6 (n S.D.) (70 1.20) (98 1.34) (79 1.27) (69 1.47) 5th year mean 5.3 5.4 5.1 5.2 (n S.D.) (21 0.76) (54 0.87) (27 1.12) (37 1.08) Boys’ Modern No. 16 21 25 26 2nd year mean 5.0 5.4 4.9 5.2 (n S.D.) (63 1.15) (121 0.99) (71 1.33) (97 1.08) 4th year mean 4.4 5.1 5.4 4.6 (n S.D.) (61 1.27) (109 1.24) (45 0.88) (79 1.58) 5th year mean 5.7 5.3 5.5 5.4 (n S.D.) (24 0.69) (66 1.04) (36 0.80) (43 0.79) Mixed comprehensive No. 05 10 14 23 29 30 Boys 2nd year mean 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.1 (n S.D.) (50 1.28) (69 1.44) (81 1.23) (63 1.17) (49 1.33) (51 1.22) 4th year mean 4.6 5.5 4.6 5.2 5.3 4.8 (n S.D.) (60 1.46) (142 0.85) (68 1.15) (53 1.15) (48 0.94) (42 1.21) 5th year mean 5.1 5.3 5.0 5.4 4.9 5.2 (n S.D.) (69 1.11) (73 1.03) (40 1.05) (33 0.95) (56 1.29) (42 1.20) Girls 2nd year mean 4.9 4.9 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.2 (n S.D.) (42 1.18) (66 1.20) (106 1.06) (44 0.97) (42 1.07) (53 1.18) 4th year mean 4.4 4.6 4.4 5.0 4.9 4.8 (n S.D.) (46 1.58) (107 1.33) (57 1.48) (41 1.06) (37 1.17) (24 1.16) 5th year mean 5.6 5.3 5.0 5.3 5.5 5.2 (n S.D.) (46 0.65) (54 0.83) (47 0.99) (28 1.10) (31 0.84) (37 1.21) Mixed modern No. 04 07 11 15 19 20 Boys 2nd year mean 5.1 4.9 5.0 5.1 4.3 5.4 (n S.D.) (44 1.15) (27 1.24) (45 1.04) (43 1.37) (16 1.49) (29 0.85) Girls 2nd year mean 5.1 5.5 5.3 5.5 4.4 5.5 (n S.D.) (53 1.36) (22 0.58) (51 1.19) (35 0.87) (17 1.29) (40 0.95) Mixed Grammar No. 08 13 27 Boys 2nd year mean 4.9 4.9 5.3 (n S.D.) (50 1.07) (33 1.29) (24 0.89) Girls 2nd year mean 5.1 5.1 5.5 (n S.D.) (58 0.98) (42 1.19) (30 0.62) Statistically significant differences of mean scores (5 per cent or higher) 2nd year/4th year girls, school no 03, 22, 14; boys 16, 21, 26; 4th year/5th year girls, school no 03, 05, 10, 14, 22, 29; boys 16, 26; 2nd year girls/2nd year boys, school no 07, 11, 14. General involvement and streaming – second year Girls’ Modern No. 01 03 32 Girls’ Grammar No. 17 Girls’ Comprehensive No. 12 Top stream mean 5.9 6.4 6.0 5.7 5.8 (n S.D.) (30 0.75) (33 0.30) (28 0.38) (28 0.54) (26 0.53) 2nd Top stream mean — 6.1 — — — (n S.D.) (35 0.63) 2nd stream mean 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.6 6.2 (n S.D.) (32 0.55) (30 0.76) (21 0.52) (30 0.65) (25 0.47) 3rd stream mean 5.8 — 5.8 5.7 6.2 (n S.D.) (26 0.57) (12 0.64) (33 0.52) (22 0.36) 4th stream mean — — 5.6 — 5.7 (n S.D.) (16 0.49) (18 0.48) 5th stream mean — — — — 6.3 (n S.D.) (8 0.43) Boys’ Modern No. 16 21 25 26 Boys’ Grammar No. 28 Top stream mean 5.6 6.0 5.3 5.9 6.2 (n S.D.) (21 0.52) (30 0.44) (21 0.41) (33 0.50) (24 0.42) 2nd Top stream mean 5.4 6.0 — — 6.1 (n S.D.) (27 0.61) (33 0.49) (28 0.47) 2nd stream mean 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.8 (n S.D.) (15 0.58) (31 0.67) (30 0.62) (37 0.55) (12 0.50) 2nd, 2nd stream mean — 5.7 — — — (n S.D.) (27 0.54) 3rd stream mean — — 5.4 5.4 — (n S.D.) (20 0.44) (27 0.66) Mixed Modern No. 07 11 15 Boys Girls All Boys Girls All Boys Girls All Top stream mean 5.7 6.0 5.8 5.9 5.6 5.7 5.7 6.2 6.0 (n S.D.) (16 0.43) (9 0.37) (25 0.44) (16 0.33) (16 0.38) (32 0.38) (14 0.51) (15 0.51) (29 0.56) 2nd stream mean 5.5 6.0 5.8 5.8 6.0 5.9 — — — (n S.D.) (11 0.30) (13 0.62) (24 0.56) (11 0.33) (18 0.38) (29 0.37) 3rd stream mean — — — 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.7 (n S.D.) (9 0.68) (15 0.79) (24 0.75) (20 0.82) (15 0.51) (35 0.70) 4th stream mean — — — 5.5 6.3 5.7 — — — (n S.D.) (9 0.58) (2 0.24) (11 0.62) 5th stream mean — — — — — — 5.1 5.6 5.3 (n S.D.) (9 0.56) (5 0.23) (14 0.53) Mixed Grammar Mixed Modern No. 19 20 27 Boys Girls All Boys Girls All Boys Girls All Top stream mean 5.6 5.4 5.5 5.7 6.0 5.9 5.9 6.0 5.9 (n S.D.) (7 0.57) (11 0.53) (18 0.56) (14 0.47) (19 0.69) (33 0.63) (14 0.38) (12 0.48) (26 0.44) 2nd Top stream mean — — — 5.8 6.1 6.0 — — — (n S.D.) (11 0.57) (14 0.51) (25 0.56) 2nd stream mean 5.0 5.7 5.3 5.6 5.8 5.7 6.1 6.2 6.1 (n S.D.) (9 0.92) (6 0.63) (15 0.89) (4 0.70) (7 0.46) (11 0.61) (10 0.57) (18 0.47) (28 0.51) Mixed Comprehensive No. 05 23 29 Boys Girls All Boys Girls All Boys Girls All Top stream mean 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.4 5.7 5.5 6.3 6.1 6.1 (n S.D.) (19 0.62) (17 0.35) (36 0.52) (18 0.39) (12 0.48) (30 0.48) (12 0.33) (19 0.33) (31 0.51) 2nd Top stream mean — — — 6.0 6.0 6.0 — — — (n S.D.) (17 0.49) (14 0.51) (31 0.47) 2nd stream mean 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.7 — — — (n S.D.) (20 0.56) (15 0.57) (35 0.65) (16 0.57) (11 0.53) (27 0.56) 3rd stream mean 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.4 5.7 5.5 6.1 6.1 6.1 (n S.D.) (11 0.46) (10 0.71) (21 0.60) (12 0.74) (7 0.48) (19 0.67) (18 0.51) (14 0.50) (32 0.51) 5th stream mean — — — — — — 5.7 5.6 5.7 (n S.D.) (19 0.83) (9 0.30) (28 0.71) Mixed Comprehensive No. 30 10 Boys Girls All Boys Top stream mean 5.8 6.1 6.0 5.7 (n S.D.) (11 0.43) (18 0.27) (29 0.37) (21 0.40) 2nd stream mean 5.8 5.9 5.8 — (n S.D.) (11 0.48) (16 0.93) (27 0.67) 3rd stream mean — — — 5.3 (n S.D.) (29 0.52) 4th stream mean 5.6 6.2 5.8 — (n S.D.) (15 0.57) (10 0.52) (25 0.61) 5th stream mean 5.3 6.1 5.6 4.9 (n S.D.) (14 0.55) (9 0.39) (23 0.60) (19 0.80) Note. In school no. 10 boys were taught separately from girls, who were in non-streamed groups. General involvement and streaming – fourth year Girls’ Modern No. 01 03 22 Girls’ Comprehensive No. 12 Top stream mean 5.6 5.6 5.5 6.1 (n S.D.) (21 0.61) (31 0.88) (24 0.61) (20 0.56) 2nd Top stream mean — 5.5 5.6 — (n S.D.) (32 0.70) (31 0.60) 2nd stream mean 5.9 5.9 5.1 5.5 (n S.D.) (18 0.56) (16 0.77) (14 0.74) (15 0.93) 2nd, 2nd stream mean 5.7 — — 5.7 (n S.D.) (30 0.68) (13 0.65) 3rd stream mean — 5.8 — — (n S.D.) (19 0.55) Boys’ Modern No. 16 21 25 26 Top stream mean 5.7 5.8 5.3 5.7 (n S.D.) (26 0.50) (34 0.50) (22 0.69) (33 0.56) 2nd stream mean 5.3 5.7 5.8 5.4 (n S.D.) (23 0.84) (33 0.63) (17 0.46) (25 0.74) 3rd stream mean 5.0 5.8 5.7 5.4 (n S.D.) (12 0.61) (21 0.63) (6 0.52) (21 0.65) Girls ’ Grammar No. 17 18 Boys’ Grammar No 02 28 Top stream mean 5.1 5.8 5.9 6.1 (n S.D.) (34 0.90) (26 0.52) (33 0.49) (24 0.40) 2nd top stream mean — 5.7 — — (n S.D.) (29 0.58) 2nd stream mean 5.4 5.6 5.6 5.9 (n S.D.) (29 0.52) (25 0.64) (35 0.61) (18 0.69) 2nd, 2nd stream mean — 5.8 — — (n S.D.) (27 0.44) 3rd stream mean 5.1 — 5.4 — (n S.D.) (32 0.78) (26 0.51) Mixed Comprehensive No. 23 24 29 Boys Girls All Boys Girls All Boys Girls All Top stream mean 5.8 6.1 5.9 6.0 6.3 6.1 5.9 5.5 5.8 (n S.D.) (14 0.62) (9 0.46) (23 0.58) (18 0.47) (11 0.31) (29 0.43) (26 0.49) (6 5.5) (32 0.51) 2nd top stream mean — — — — 5.8 5.8 — — — (n S.D.) (28 0.76) (28 0.76) 2nd stream mean 5.6 5.1 5.3 5.8 6.3 6.0 — – — (n S.D.) (10 0.48) (13 0.70) (23 0.66) (14 0.42) (12 0.26) (26 0.43) — — — 2nd, 2nd stream mean — — — — 5.6 5.6 — — — (n S.D.) (17 0.60) (17 0.60) Mixed Comprehensive No. Boys 23 Girls All Boys 24 Girls All Boys 29 Girls All 3rd stream mean 5.8 — 5.8 — — — 5.8 5.9 5.8 (n S.D.) (29 0.50) (29 0.50) (11 0.55) (17 0.00) (28 0.55) 2nd, 3rd stream mean — 5.4 5.4 — — — — — — (n S.D.) (19 0.77) (19 0.77) 5th stream mean — — — — — — 5.7 5.8 5.8 (n S.D.) (11 0.41) (11 0.62) (22 0.54) Mixed Comprehensive No. 30 10 Boys Girls All Boys Top stream mean 5.6 6.0 5.8 5.8 (n S.D.) (16 0.53) (14 0.36) (30 0.49) (31 0.39) 2nd stream mean — — — 6.0 (n S.D.) (31 0.51) 3rd stream mean — — — 5.6 (n S.D.) (30 0.46) 4th stream mean 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.8 (n S.D.) (17 0.50) (10 0.80) (27 0.63) (28 0.70) 5th stream mean — — — 5.0 (n S.D.) (22 0.64) 6th stream mean 5.6 6.0 5.8 (n S.D.) (9 0.44) (9 0.59) (18 0.57) Mixed Modern No. Boys 07 Girls All Boys 15 Girls All Boys 19 Girls All Top stream mean 6.1 6.2 6.2 5.7 — 5.7 5.5 5.7 5.6 (n S.D.) (15 0.38) (14 0.35) (29 0.37) (29 0.44) (29 0.44) (7 0.48) (11 0.52) (18 0.52) 2nd top stream mean — — — — 6.0 6.0 — — — (n S D) (27 0.52) (27 0.52) 2nd stream mean 5.6 6.1 5.9 5.6 5.8 5.7 5.5 5.4 5.5 (n S.D.) (9 0.48) (12 0.42) (21 0.52) (13 0.55) (8 0.44) (21 0.52) (9 0.25) (8 0.72) (17 0.53) 3rd stream mean — — — 5.6 — 5.6 — — — (n S.D.) (20 0.55) (20 0.55) 2nd, 3rd stream mean — — — — 5.6 5.6 — — — (n S.D.) (24 0.73) (24 0.73) Mixed Grammar No. Boys 08 Girls All Boys 27 Girls Mixed Modern No. All Boys 11 Girls All Top stream mean 5.8 5.6 5.7 5.5 5.7 5.6 6.0 6.1 6.0 (n S.D.) (8 0.64) (16 0.54) (24 0.58) (9 0.69) (16 0.70) (25 0.70) (19 0.52) (13 0.54) (32 0.53) 2nd stream mean 4.9 5.7 5.4 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.7 (n S.D.) (9 0.90) (12 0.33) (21 0.77) (8 0.59) (16 0.48) (24 0.52) (13 0.51) (20 0.63) (33 0.59) 3rd stream mean 5.4 5.1 5.2 — — — 6.0 6.0 6.0 (n S.D.) (14 0.53) (14 0.77) (28 0.67) (20 0.49) (12 0.32) (32 0.43) 4th stream mean 5.5 5.7 5.6 — — — 5.6 5.8 5.7 (n S.D.) (12 0.50) (12 0.43) (24 0.48) (11 0.51) (4 0.41) (15 0.49) General involvement and streaming – fifth year Boys’ Modern No. 25 Boys’ Grammar No. 02 28 Top stream mean 5.7 6.0 5.8 (n S.D.) (12 0.25) (31 0.58) (28 0.51) 2nd top stream mean — 5.7 6.0 (n S.D.) (31 0.62) (26 0.53) 2nd stream mean 5.2 5.6 6.0 (n S.D.) (17 0.59) (25 0.59) (18 0.54) 3rd stream mean — 5.0 — (n S.D.) (10 0.83) — Girls* Grammar No. 17 18 Girls’ Comprehensive No. 12 Top stream mean 5.8 5.8 6.3 (n S.D.) (28 0.59) (21 0.68) (12 0.39) 2nd top stream mean 5.9 — (n S.D.) — (25 0.42) 2nd stream mean 5.6 6.3 5.5 (n S.D.) (25 0.56) (0 0.25) (6 0.98) 2nd, 2nd stream mean — 5.5 — (n S.D.) (12 0.80) 3rd stream mean 5.2 — — (n S.D.) (26 0.56) Mixed Modern No. Boys 11 Girls All Boys 15 Girls All Top stream mean 6.0 6.3 6.1 — 6.2 6.2 (n S.D.) (15 0.46) (8 0.41) (23 0.46) (22 0.40) (22 0.40) 2nd top stream mean — — — 5.8 — 5.8 (n S.D.) (23 0.56) (23 0.56) 2nd stream mean 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.8 6.4 6.2 (n S.D.) (9 0.50) (11 0.50) (20 0.50) (4 0.25) (8 0.33) (12 0.40) Mixed Grammar No. Boys 08 Girls All Boys 27 Girls All Mixed Comprehensive No. 10 Boys Top stream mean 5.6 5.9 5.8 6.1 5.6 5.8 5.7 (n S.D.) (5 0.20) (17 0.53) (22 0.49) (11 0.35) (13 0.79) (24 0.68) (29 0.44) 2nd stream mean 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.1 6.1 5.5 5.5 (n S.D.) (15 0.46) (13 0.50) (28 0.48) (16 0.94) (8 0.76) (24 0.99) (13 0.72) 3rd stream mean 5.3 5.8 5.6 — — — 5.5 (n S.D.) (8 0.40) (12 0.28) (20 0.41) (19 0.51) 4th stream mean 6.1 6.0 6.0 — — — 5.7 (n S.D.) (9 0.25) (12 0.46) (21 0.40) (12 0.66) Mixed Comprehensive No. 24 Girls Boys 29 Girls All Boys 30 Girls All Top stream mean 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.0 5.7 6.0 5.9 (n S.D.) (22 0.54) (18 0.54) (12 0.44) (30 0.51) (13 0.61) (17 0.46) (30 0.55) 2nd stream mean 5.7 5.5 5.7 5.5 5.7 6.0 5.9 (n S.D.) (23 0.65) (19 0.47) (11 0.36) (30 0.43) (10 0.67) (14 0.44) (24 0.57) 3rd stream mean 5.1 5.7 6.8 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.7 (n S.D.) (24 0.69) (12 0.54) (2 0.10) (14 0.62) (12 0.54) (10 0.64) (22 0.59) 4th stream mean 5.7 6.2 5.7 5.8 — — — (n S.D.) (20 0.57) (7 0.39) (11 0.66) (18 0.64) 6th stream mean — — — — 5.8 6.2 6.0 (n S.D.) (7 0.40) (7 0.42) (14 0.46) Note. There were no boys in the fifth year of school no. 24. Percentage expectation of post-school education and streaming – second year Girls’ Modern No. 01 03 22 Girls’ Grammar No. 17 Girls’ Comprehensive No. 12 Top stream % 60 94 54 82 67 (n) (30) (33) (28) (28) (26) 2nd top stream % 69 (n) (35) 2nd stream % 31 37 71 77 23 (n) (32) (30) (21) (30) (25) 3rd stream % 23 42 82 55 (n) (26) (12) (33) (22) 4th stream % 6 50 (n) (16) (18) 5th stream % 0 (n) (8) Boys’ Modern No. 16 21 25 26 Boys’ Grammar No. 28 Top stream % 76 73 43 63 96 (n) (21) (30) (21) (33) (24) 2nd top stream % 41 55 93 (n) (27) (33) (28) 2nd stream % 19 42 23 57 67 (n) (15) (31) (30) (37) (12) 2nd, 2nd stream % 48 (n) (27) 3rd stream % 10 33 (n) (20) (27) Mixed Modern No. 07 11 15 Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Top stream % 19 78 38 50 92 60 (n) (16) (9) (16) (16) (14) (15) 2nd stream % 10 0 36 53 (n) (11) (13) (11) (18) 3rd stream % 67 75 55 40 (n) (9) (15) (20) (15) 4th stream % 25 0 (n) (9) (2) 5th stream % 0 0 (n) (9) (5) Mixed Modern No. 19 20 Mixed Grammar 27 Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Top stream % 57 40 53 50 (n) (7) (id (14) (19) 2nd top stream % 64 38 (n) (11) (14) 2nd stream % 10 0 0 57 70 56 (n) (9) (6) (4) (7) (10) (18) Mixed Comprehensive No. 05 23 29 Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Top stream % 74 53 21 58 75 58 (n) (19) (17) (18) (12) (12) (19) 2nd top stream % 65 57 (n) (17) (14) 2nd stream % 29 20 20 0 (n) (20) (15) (16) (11) 3rd stream % 27 0 17 0 44 43 (n) (ID (10) (12) (7) (18) (14) 4th stream % 40 56 (n) (19) (9) Mixed Comprehensive No. 30 10 Boys Girls Boys Top stream % 91 89 57 (n) (11) (18) (21) 2nd stream % 64 75 (n) (11) (16) 3rd stream % 28 (n) (29) 4th stream % 33 33 (n) (15) (10) 5th stream % 14 44 18 (n) (14) (9) (19) General involvement and non-streaming in the second year of mixed schools School No. 04 08 13 14 Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls 1st group mean 5.8 5.9 5*9 6.2 5.9 6.1 5.4 5.7 (n S.D.) (13 0.68) (14 0.43) (14 0.55) (15 0.36) (14 0.66) (10 0.34) (15 0.39) (21 0.51) 2nd group mean 5.9 6.1 5.7 6.0 5.7 6.1 5.4 5.3 (n S.D.) (11 0.54) (13 0.79) (15 0.62) (11 0.47) (11 0.69) (12 0.42) (15 0.50) (22 0.72) 3rd group mean 5.1 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.3 5.7 5.9 (n S.D.) (9 0.47) (14 0.59) (13 0.42) (11 0.43) (8 0.61) (19 0.43) (16 0.44) (23 0.46) 4th group mean 5.4 5.9 5.9 5.8 (n S.D.) (7 0.46) (17 0.51) (18 0.52) (20 0.037) 5th group mean 5.5 5.8 (n S.D.) (17 0.59) (20 0.58) Uniform definition scale for boys Item f Shirt 46 Jumper 38 Shoes 30 Top coat 30 Scarf 25 Socks 24 Mean item analysis value 0.843; mean score = 3.33 (N = 58; S.D. = 2.00). Uniform definition scale for girls Item f Blazer 51 Shoes 44 Socks/stockings 44 Top coat 44 Scarf 33 Mean item analysis value 0.807; mean score = 3.72 (N = 58; S.D. = 1.39). Prescription of uniform scale for boys Item f Tie 50 Trousers 46 Blazer 45 Shirt 40 Shoes 28 Socks 20 Jumper 15 Top coat 14 Mean item analysis value 0*902; mean score = 4*45 (N = 58; S.D. = 2.39). Prescription of uniform scale for girls Item f Tie 45 Shoes 40 Socks/stockings 39 Top coat 25 Hat/beret 14 Blazer 12 Mean item analysis value 0.811; mean score = 3.02 (N = 58; S.D. = 1.70).
