ABSTRACT
This chapter gives description of the managerial contractual forms that had been implemented in the Township and Village Enterprises (TVE) sector from its very beginning up until 1994. Various contractual forms have been implemented in collective TVEs. The structure of these forms is like a ladder with the different contractual forms as its steps. The contractual forms fall roughly into the following eight types: work-point system, wage/salary system, collective contractual responsibility system, personal contractual responsibility system, personal mortgage contractual responsibility system, leasing, auction, and share cooperative system. The work-point system was implemented in the pre-reform era when rural enterprises were collectively owned by communes, brigades, or production teams. The wage/salary system was introduced in the early stage of the post-Mao reform era and shared many common characteristics with the work-point system. The collective contractual responsibility system system became the dominant pattern in the collective TVE sector after the early years of 1980s.
