ABSTRACT
Fencing is a true combat sport—a martial art—that evolved into a sport from centuries of combat with the sword, involving ever-enhanced "swordplay". Fencing was among the original sports to be included in the first modern Olympics in 1896. Fencing comprises the use of three weapons: the foil, the epee, and the saber. Both men and women compete in all three weapons. Though each of these three weapons requires specific training and tactics, psychologically there are core elements required to be successful in each weapon. Not only is fencing one of the most physically demanding of all sports, it is also known as "physical chess," requiring split-second decisions coupled with demanding mental agility. During a fencing bout, "mental toughness" allows the elite fencer to score winning points while fencing under extreme pressure. A common theme affecting elite athletes in all sports, including fencing, is the issue of substance abuse. Elite fencing is an increasingly mentally intense sport.
