ABSTRACT
This chapter describes how planning for sustainable development and sustainable food systems can positively contribute directly and indirectly to biodiversity conservation and planetary health. The biodiversity of genes, species, and ecosystems is the foundation of our natural environment, which is connected by the Earth’s physical and biological systems. Human’s use of ecosystem services and production of goods has dramatically altered the landscape and reduced biodiversity on Earth leading to the mass extinction and extirpation of animals, plants, microorganisms, genes, and all their interconnected relationships. Local and regional planning also influences the protection and restoration of the natural environment used by cities for both recreation and biodiversity purposes; water systems used for water supply, waste disposal, and recreational purposes; agriculture, forestry, soil, climate and air systems that provide healthy air. New York City is one of many cities across the globe that has recognized and embraced its role in reducing the impact of the built environment on the natural environment.
