ABSTRACT
With increased world population, the demand of fresh water increases considerably every year. Although 75% of earth’s surface is covered by water, only 3% of the water is fresh water (Velmurugan 2008, Abdelmoez 2014, Reif 2015). Fortunately, fresh water can be obtained from seawater by desalination. Many desalination techniques have been developed mainly based on two different processes-membrane process and thermal process (Kalogirou 2004). However, most of these techniques such as Reverse Osmosis (RO), Multi-Stage Flash distillation (MSF), Multi-Effect Distillation (MED), and others consume a large amount of electricity or fossil energy to produce fresh water, which reduce the sustainability of desalination (Gude 2010).
