ABSTRACT
The null hypothesis can take many forms and varies from researcher to researcher depending on what they are studying, but it always proposes one thing: the results that were found are not significant. If the null hypothesis is found to be supported when the statistics are computed, it means that the probability (p-value) was higher than the alpha cutoff value. There are three versions of the null hypothesis, all of which are consistent with each other: Version A of the null hypothesis: The true difference between the two groups is zero. Version B of the null hypothesis: There is no true difference between the two groups. Version C of the null hypothesis: The observed difference was created by sampling error. In research reports in academic journals, the null hypothesis is seldom stated by researchers, who assume that readers know that the sole purpose of a significance test is to test the null hypothesis.
