ABSTRACT
There are a wide range of non-biological unit processes, some of which are applicable to both water and wastewater treatments. Advanced processes are those not normally employed in conventional treatment but are required to conform to ever stricter water quality and discharge standards (Chapter 7). Advanced water treatment processes include iron and manganese removal, softening, ion exchange, adsorption and chemical oxidation. Advanced (tertiary) wastewater treatment is more varied and includes biological processes for nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal (Section 11.9), as well as a range of physico-chemical processes (Table 18.1).
