ABSTRACT
Tissue culture is an important biotechnological tool applied for crop improvement, where in vitro aseptic culture of cells, tissues, organs, or whole plant takes place under controlled nutritional and environmental conditions to generate the clones of particular plants. The controlled conditions could be nutrients, pH, temperature, and proper gaseous and liquid environment which provide conductive environment for their growth and multiplication. It can be used in fundamental research to study cell division, plant growth, plant propagation, elimination of plant diseases, plant improvement, and production of secondary metabolites as well. The key to the successful use of tissue culture is the manipulation of medium compositions to achieve desired outcomes. The most common application of tissue culture is micropropagation, which usually involves growing of plants in vitro (agar-solidified nutrient medium). Micropropagation facilitates production of virus-free planting material and propagation of plant species from undifferentiated callus. Micropropagation technology has a vast potential to produce plants of better quality, isolation and characterization of new useful variants in well-adapted high yielding genotypes with better disease resistance, and stress tolerance capacities.
