ABSTRACT
The advantages of high efficiency ion sources are high gas efficiency, low energy spread and good beam quality. The development of high-efficiency ion sources is connected to the introduction of the on-line isotope separators (ISOL) to detect radioactive isotopes produced with ion beams at accelerator facilities or neutron beams at nuclear reactors. Unlike the ion sources, high-efficiency ion sources are not a separate design but are ion sources of various types optimized for the special needs of ISOL operation. Various ion sources are used for high-efficiency operation. It is a Nier-Bernas type ion source with an integrated molten target and the possibility of exchanging the target and the cathode filament through air locks. The first ECR ion source designed for high efficiency was designed by Bechtold in 19877 and started a series of similar designs. Sortais built a compact ECR ion source, Nanogan, using permanent magnets only.
