ABSTRACT
This chapter proposes noncooperative game models and optimization models for energy trading. It aims to develop mathematical models for energy trading in smart grids in order to derive the price of electricity for real-time trading involving multiple players and followers by based on the Stackelberg game model. The chapter analyzes the impact of microsources on the tariff within their own constraints such as power losses and demand. It shows that the leader and followers are rational, whereby multileaders and followers of the game participate in the same coalition group. The chapter discusses the optimization of the proposed game models using a bilevel hybrid multiobjective algorithm to reach the equilibrium condition of the game. It describes novel mathematical models for real-time energy trading between multileader and multifollower in an open energy market using a noncooperative Stackelberg game approach. The chapter explores the system model in greater detail, including the proposed game models and optimization model for energy trading.
