ABSTRACT
The monolayer ‘graphene’ was first invented in the year 1986 and was presented as a 2D sheet of perfect honeycomb lattice of single carbon atoms, which was first formed by graphite intercalation. A very astonishing event found in graphene is the missing atoms in the hexagonal structure, which act as tiny magnets and have a great influence on the electrons in graphene which carry electrical currents, indulging a considerable amount of extra electrical resistance at low temperature. Intrusion of foreign molecules through physisorption in the graphitic layer mechanically reduces the intergraphene layer distance which disturbs the alignment of magnetic moment and the net magnetic moment thus reduced. Graphene was found to be formed on the crystal surface, by thermal decomposition of either ethylene, acetylene or methane at 1000 K. There are several reports for graphene synthesis on other transition metals also including iron, nickel, cobalt and platinum facilitating them for wide usage in sensor applications.
