ABSTRACT
Electric charges are the source of all electromagnetic fields. Two kinds of charges have been discovered, conventionally called positive and negative respectively. Magnetic charges are also postulated, but for research purposes can be considered to be simulated by electric charges in circular motion, thus giving rise to a magnetic dipole. In electromagnetics, as in many others like disciplines, first-principles formulations (FPFs) can be based on integral equation (IE) or differential equation (DE) descriptions. The FPFs can also be formulated in either the frequency domain (FD) or the time domain (TD). A common feature of these FPFs and approximation methods for solving MEs is their incorporation of an analytical relationship between causes. Development of a computer model in electromagnetics or literally any other disciplinary activity can be decomposed into a small number of basic, generic steps. These steps might be described by different names, but would include at a minimum: conceptualization; formulation; numerical implementation; computation and validation.
