ABSTRACT

I. INTRODUCTION Copiers and laser printers, which use the electrophotographic technology, represent one of the most successful commercial applications of electro­ static phenomena. These devices, unknown to the general public before 1959, have become indispensable office equipment today. The design, manufacturing, and sales of electrophotographic equipment involves many of the world’s largest corporations with total annual revenues ap­ proaching $50 billion worldwide.